Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci associated with circulating phospho- and sphingolipid concentrations.

Demirkan A, van Duijn CM, Ugocsai P, Isaacs A, Pramstaller PP, Liebisch G, Wilson JF, Johansson Å, Rudan I, Aulchenko YS, Kirichenko AV, Janssens AC, Jansen RC, Gnewuch C, Domingues FS, Pattaro C, Wild SH, Jonasson I, Polasek O, Zorkoltseva IV, Hofman A, Karssen LC, Struchalin M, Floyd J, Igl W, Biloglav Z, Broer L, Pfeufer A, Pichler I, Campbell S, Zaboli G, Kolcic I, Rivadeneira F, Huffman J, Hastie ND, Uitterlinden A, Franke L, Franklin CS, Vitart V, DIAGRAM Consortium , Nelson CP, Preuss M, CARDIoGRAM Consortium , Bis JC, O'Donnell CJ, Franceschini N, CHARGE Consortium , Witteman JC, Axenovich T, Oostra BA, Meitinger T, Hicks AA, Hayward C, Wright AF, Gyllensten U, Campbell H, Schmitz G, EUROSPAN consortium

PLoS Genet. 8 (2) e1002490 [2012-02-16; online 2012-02-16]

Phospho- and sphingolipids are crucial cellular and intracellular compounds. These lipids are required for active transport, a number of enzymatic processes, membrane formation, and cell signalling. Disruption of their metabolism leads to several diseases, with diverse neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic consequences. A large number of phospholipid and sphingolipid species can be detected and measured in human plasma. We conducted a meta-analysis of five European family-based genome-wide association studies (N = 4034) on plasma levels of 24 sphingomyelins (SPM), 9 ceramides (CER), 57 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 20 lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), 27 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and 16 PE-based plasmalogens (PLPE), as well as their proportions in each major class. This effort yielded 25 genome-wide significant loci for phospholipids (smallest P-value = 9.88×10(-204)) and 10 loci for sphingolipids (smallest P-value = 3.10×10(-57)). After a correction for multiple comparisons (P-value<2.2×10(-9)), we observed four novel loci significantly associated with phospholipids (PAQR9, AGPAT1, PKD2L1, PDXDC1) and two with sphingolipids (PLD2 and APOE) explaining up to 3.1% of the variance. Further analysis of the top findings with respect to within class molar proportions uncovered three additional loci for phospholipids (PNLIPRP2, PCDH20, and ABDH3) suggesting their involvement in either fatty acid elongation/saturation processes or fatty acid specific turnover mechanisms. Among those, 14 loci (KCNH7, AGPAT1, PNLIPRP2, SYT9, FADS1-2-3, DLG2, APOA1, ELOVL2, CDK17, LIPC, PDXDC1, PLD2, LASS4, and APOE) mapped into the glycerophospholipid and 12 loci (ILKAP, ITGA9, AGPAT1, FADS1-2-3, APOA1, PCDH20, LIPC, PDXDC1, SGPP1, APOE, LASS4, and PLD2) to the sphingolipid pathways. In large meta-analyses, associations between FADS1-2-3 and carotid intima media thickness, AGPAT1 and type 2 diabetes, and APOA1 and coronary artery disease were observed. In conclusion, our study identified nine novel phospho- and sphingolipid loci, substantially increasing our knowledge of the genetic basis for these traits.

NGI Uppsala (Uppsala Genome Center)

National Genomics Infrastructure

PubMed 22359512

DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002490

Crossref 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002490

pii: PGENETICS-D-11-01673
pmc: PMC3280968