Synthetic bacterial vesicles combined with tumour extracellular vesicles as cancer immunotherapy.

Park KS, Svennerholm K, Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Gribonika I, Lötvall J

J Extracell Vesicles 10 (9) e12120 [2021-07-00; online 2021-07-03]

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have gained attention as a promising new cancer vaccine platform for efficiently provoking immune responses. However, OMV induce severe toxicity by activating the innate immune system. In this study, we applied a simple isolation approach to produce artificial OMV that we have named Synthetic Bacterial Vesicles (SyBV) that do not induce a severe toxic response. We also explored the potential of SyBV as an immunotherapy combined with tumour extracellular vesicles to induce anti-tumour immunity. Bacterial SyBV were produced with high yield by a protocol including lysozyme and high pH treatment, resulting in pure vesicles with very few cytosolic components and no RNA or DNA. These SyBV did not cause systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in mice compared to naturally released OMV. However, SyBV and OMV were similarly effective in activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Co-immunization with SyBV and melanoma extracellular vesicles elicited tumour regression in melanoma-bearing mice through Th-1 type T cell immunity and balanced antibody production. Also, the immunotherapeutic effect of SyBV was synergistically enhanced by anti-PD-1 inhibitor. Moreover, SyBV displayed significantly greater adjuvant activity than other classical adjuvants. Taken together, these results demonstrate a safe and efficient strategy for eliciting specific anti-tumour responses using immunotherapeutic bacterial SyBV.

Glycoproteomics and MS Proteomics [Service]

Integrated Microscopy Technologies Gothenburg [Service]

PubMed 34262675

DOI 10.1002/jev2.12120

Crossref 10.1002/jev2.12120

pmc: PMC8254025
pii: JEV212120