Scotch Pine Cones-Derived Hard Carbon as an Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Battery Applications.
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Rao YB, Sundman O, Holmboe M, Tavajohi N, Ohlin CA
ACS Omega 10 (11) 11158-11167 [2025-03-25; online 2025-03-11]
A biobased anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) was prepared through the simple pyrolysis of Scotch pine cones (Pinus sylvestris, SPC), followed by a heteroatom doping modification. The resulting nitrogen-doped hard carbon exhibited a high reversible capacity of 273 mA·h·g-1 at a current density of 25 mA·g-1 compared to the undoped material (197 mA·h·g-1). X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the produced hard carbon from the biomass is highly amorphous in nature, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal the presence of localized graphite-like structures that are found to be beneficial for the storage and transport of Na+ ions during charging/discharging. Experimental results demonstrated that the increased specific surface area (S BET = 424 m2·g-1), high micropore volume (0.177 cm3·g-1), and expanded interlayer spacing (>3.7 Å) and a high Na+-ion diffusion coefficient (3.08 × 10-16 cm2·s-1) facilitated the diffusion of sodium ions, leading to a high capacity retention of 80% after 250 cycles for the SPC-N material over the undoped one, SPC (71%). This study highlights the potential of low-cost, widely available biobased Scotch pine cones as an alternative anode material to enhance the sustainability of SIB production.
Integrated Microscopy Technologies Umeå [Service]
PubMed 40160790
DOI 10.1021/acsomega.4c10363
Crossref 10.1021/acsomega.4c10363