{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "85c57e4cdd15436f887cf31addb56758", "timestamp": "2026-08-10T23:27:46.714Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/85c57e4cdd15436f887cf31addb56758.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/85c57e4cdd15436f887cf31addb56758"}}, "title": "Immunological and structural evaluation of the intranasally administrated CVB1 whole-virus and VLP vaccines.", "authors": [{"family": "Soppela", "given": "Saana", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Plavec", "given": "Zlatka", "initials": "Z"}, {"family": "Gr\u00f6hn", "given": "Stina", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Mustonen", "given": "Iiris", "initials": "I"}, {"family": "Jartti", "given": "Minne", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Oikarinen", "given": "Sami", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Laajala", "given": "Mira", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Marjom\u00e4ki", "given": "Varpu", "initials": "V"}, {"family": "Butcher", "given": "Sarah J", "initials": "SJ"}, {"family": "Hankaniemi", "given": "Minna M", "initials": "MM"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2025-03-25", "journal": {"title": "Sci Rep", "issn": "2045-2322", "volume": "15", "issue": "1", "pages": "10198", "issn-l": "2045-2322"}, "abstract": "Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) is a common cause of acute and chronic myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and meningitis. CVBs replicate in mucosal membranes. Therefore, vaccines inducing robust mucosal immune responses are needed. We investigated the immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLP) and inactivated virus vaccines for CVB1, administered to mice either subcutaneously or intranasally, formulated with and without commercial and an experimental adjuvant. In this study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was used both as a potential adjuvant and as an inactivating agent. EGCG adjuvanted CVB1-VLP enhanced immunogenicity via the parenteral route, but not intranasally. EGCG-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted CVB1-VLPs triggered an immune response after intranasal administration, although the response remained weak. Intranasal administration of formalin-inactivated virus elicited robust CVB1-specific humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses, but after EGCG-inactivation, the mucosal antibody response was lower than after formalin-inactivation. To identify the link between structure and mucosal immunogenicity, we solved the structures of CVB1-VLP and formalin-inactivated CVB1 virus at resolutions ranging from 2.15 to 4.1 \u00c5. The structural difference between VLP and formalin-inactivated CVB1 was the presence of the genome and cross-linked amino acid residues in the formalin-inactivated virus. Formalin-inactivated CVB1 vaccine shows promise for mucosal immunizations and the structural data supports the development of next-generation VLP-vaccines in the future.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-94656-0", "pmid": "40133550", "labels": {"Cryo-EM": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC11937443"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "10.1038/s41598-025-94656-0"}], "notes": [], "created": "2025-11-13T09:34:00.598Z", "modified": "2025-11-13T09:34:00.602Z"}