{"entity": "journal", "iuid": "a64883591f1c4b2588923a18e8c43160", "timestamp": "2026-08-11T08:44:09.929Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/journal/Plant%20Cell.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/journal/Plant%20Cell"}}, "title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "issn-l": "1040-4651", "publications_count": 13, "publications": [{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "8a7bae2f936e4bcc9925c359d0c16bee", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/8a7bae2f936e4bcc9925c359d0c16bee.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/8a7bae2f936e4bcc9925c359d0c16bee"}}, "title": "The protein kinases KIPK and KIPK-LIKE1 suppress overbending during negative hypocotyl gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis.", "authors": [{"family": "Xiao", "given": "Yao", "initials": "Y", "orcid": "0000-0002-3078-7225", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/715a0cc6b0aa48a19c6ec8d490483099.json"}}, {"family": "Zourelidou", "given": "Melina", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0001-5218-4583", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/91bc2aafe5d1413ba423b4817e4d56a5.json"}}, {"family": "Bassukas", "given": "Alkistis E Lanassa", "initials": "AEL", "orcid": "0000-0002-3506-8537", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/67a6c1e57c3240b4887135181fded7a1.json"}}, {"family": "Weller", "given": "Benjamin", "initials": "B", "orcid": "0000-0002-0231-595X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/74a4512ba6cb4b30b67b45be0e8dcfe8.json"}}, {"family": "Janacek", "given": "Dorina P", "initials": "DP"}, {"family": "\u0160imura", "given": "Jan", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Ljung", "given": "Karin", "initials": "K", "orcid": "0000-0003-2901-189X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/f91b1e1f90c24559b915ebcd265804a4.json"}}, {"family": "Hammes", "given": "Ulrich Z", "initials": "UZ", "orcid": "0000-0002-3663-4908", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/a309d5de361a4f0cb48b3aa91d547e91.json"}}, {"family": "Li", "given": "Jia", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Schwechheimer", "given": "Claus", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0003-0269-2330", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/21804ba0de6944e3b69f04a446ea75df.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2025-04-02", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "volume": "37", "issue": "4", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "Plants use environmental cues to orient organ and plant growth, such as the direction of gravity or the direction, quantity, and quality of light. During the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds in soil, negative gravitropism responses direct hypocotyl elongation such that the seedling can reach the light for photosynthesis and autotrophic growth. Similarly, hypocotyl elongation in the soil also requires mechanisms to efficiently grow around obstacles such as soil particles. Here, we identify KIPK (KINESIN-LIKE CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE) and the paralogous KIPKL1 (KIPK-LIKE1) as genetically redundant regulators of gravitropic hypocotyl bending. Moreover, we demonstrate that the homologous KIPKL2 (KIPK-LIKE2), which shows strong sequence similarity, must be functionally distinct. KIPK and KIPKL1 are polarly localized plasma membrane-associated proteins that can activate PIN-FORMED auxin transporters. KIPK and KIPKL1 are required to efficiently align hypocotyl growth with the gravity vector when seedling hypocotyls are grown on media plates or in soil, where contact with soil particles and obstacle avoidance impede direct negative gravitropic growth. Therefore, the polar KIPK and KIPKL1 kinases have different biological functions from the related AGC1 family kinases D6PK (D6 PROTEIN KINASE) or PAX (PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX).", "doi": "10.1093/plcell/koaf056", "pmid": "40261964", "labels": {"Swedish Metabolomics Centre": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC12013712"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "8117847"}], "notes": [], "created": "2025-11-18T12:16:35.413Z", "modified": "2025-11-18T12:16:35.856Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "f3bbf73bbbd4488dbd6ed6b3b52fd575", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/f3bbf73bbbd4488dbd6ed6b3b52fd575.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/f3bbf73bbbd4488dbd6ed6b3b52fd575"}}, "title": "Endosperm cellularization failure induces a dehydration-stress response leading to embryo arrest.", "authors": [{"family": "Xu", "given": "Wenjia", "initials": "W", "orcid": "0000-0003-1945-4451", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/20c6bb89f2a047328e12ef6f6f36fc91.json"}}, {"family": "Sato", "given": "Hikaru", "initials": "H", "orcid": "0000-0001-7628-0414", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/910d1533dd744edcbb4950dfc7c7f7c6.json"}}, {"family": "Bente", "given": "Heinrich", "initials": "H", "orcid": "0000-0001-9229-5149", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/cf580937ed9c45a5b736c95699ccd8eb.json"}}, {"family": "Santos-Gonz\u00e1lez", "given": "Juan", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0002-8712-9776", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/d26cc8b837e64875aa2226cb9a8b8da3.json"}}, {"family": "K\u00f6hler", "given": "Claudia", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-2619-4857", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/accd3f9307614c8ab67154dd5e50cdac.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2023-02-20", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "volume": "35", "issue": "2", "pages": "874-888", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "The endosperm is a nutritive tissue supporting embryo growth in flowering plants. Most commonly, the endosperm initially develops as a coenocyte (multinucleate cell) and then cellularizes. This process of cellularization is frequently disrupted in hybrid seeds generated by crosses between different flowering plant species or plants that differ in ploidy, resulting in embryo arrest and seed lethality. The reason for embryo arrest upon cellularization failure remains unclear. In this study, we show that triploid Arabidopsis thaliana embryos surrounded by uncellularized endosperm mount an osmotic stress response that is connected to increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and enhanced ABA responses. Impairing ABA biosynthesis and signaling aggravated triploid seed abortion, while increasing endogenous ABA levels as well as the exogenous application of ABA-induced endosperm cellularization and suppressed embryo growth arrest. Taking these results together, we propose that endosperm cellularization is required to establish dehydration tolerance in the developing embryo, ensuring its survival during seed maturation.", "doi": "10.1093/plcell/koac337", "pmid": "36427255", "labels": {"NGI Short read": "Service", "NGI Uppsala (SNP&SEQ Technology Platform)": "Service", "National Genomics Infrastructure": "Service", "Swedish Metabolomics Centre": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC9940880"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "6847301"}], "notes": [], "created": "2022-11-29T09:51:04.203Z", "modified": "2025-10-17T13:03:14.237Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "691dbf92eeb8425b929c8f00e7adf463", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/691dbf92eeb8425b929c8f00e7adf463.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/691dbf92eeb8425b929c8f00e7adf463"}}, "title": "Natural alleles of the abscisic acid catabolism gene ZmAbh4 modulate water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in maize.", "authors": [{"family": "Blankenagel", "given": "Sonja", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0002-0035-3450", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/703ffed7a11545009911a6aa66e8b6a5.json"}}, {"family": "Eggels", "given": "Stella", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0001-9436-3109", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/bac0cbe563e541b187a8213981c2a06e.json"}}, {"family": "Frey", "given": "Monika", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0001-7665-7277", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/d7cd494a676843f1ab249de1005ed456.json"}}, {"family": "Grill", "given": "Erwin", "initials": "E", "orcid": "0000-0003-4036-766X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/0d44dcea2f3948dcaf230005f0e6bf07.json"}}, {"family": "Bauer", "given": "Eva", "initials": "E", "orcid": "0000-0002-4820-2846", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/88d9a3beeb9243b090fe8073bde0a107.json"}}, {"family": "Dawid", "given": "Corinna", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0001-5342-2600", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/ade8c541c0644b94bbfb0236c5705620.json"}}, {"family": "Fernie", "given": "Alisdair R", "initials": "AR", "orcid": "0000-0001-9000-335X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/0bd4a00a7a874e4a9e42f9ffa82c7855.json"}}, {"family": "Haberer", "given": "Georg", "initials": "G", "orcid": "0000-0002-6612-6939", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/5313eb519bd24ee3b92a090746ad93a3.json"}}, {"family": "Hammerl", "given": "Richard", "initials": "R", "orcid": "0000-0002-7675-7101", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/b6c620d489464d75a6e6349831ab54cb.json"}}, {"family": "Barbosa Medeiros", "given": "David", "initials": "D", "orcid": "0000-0001-9086-730X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/8eebfb5fc8584c3b9834dc519008f446.json"}}, {"family": "Ouzunova", "given": "Milena", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0003-3320-0888", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/b92c9596e4a44fe98fe9467121bd188c.json"}}, {"family": "Presterl", "given": "Thomas", "initials": "T", "orcid": "0000-0002-4447-4350", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/238c5abcb5aa4b17bcecf86d8ccc4ed7.json"}}, {"family": "Ru\u00df", "given": "Victoria", "initials": "V", "orcid": "0000-0002-1413-7847", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/e44ca5eba7054259b188edad75de5658.json"}}, {"family": "Sch\u00e4ufele", "given": "Rudi", "initials": "R", "orcid": "0000-0001-5288-1397", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/f175cc6c35bd420eb3252edbe8cfe842.json"}}, {"family": "Schl\u00fcter", "given": "Urte", "initials": "U", "orcid": "0000-0002-9134-6511", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/83749f9b654940eab8e666a0c16df045.json"}}, {"family": "Tardieu", "given": "Francois", "initials": "F", "orcid": "0000-0002-7287-0094", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/fc0fca86ba3541a6bd0f56dce15a1e87.json"}}, {"family": "Urbany", "given": "Claude", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-0097-8901", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/1c175e54c3414d9ea5d009d7a00071e7.json"}}, {"family": "Urzinger", "given": "Sebastian", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0002-6729-3122", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/990bab497bfe4e9da681972cda05b2fd.json"}}, {"family": "Weber", "given": "Andreas P M", "initials": "APM", "orcid": "0000-0003-0970-4672", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/c0144a5dd5e34314885013fa0181bb1c.json"}}, {"family": "Sch\u00f6n", "given": "Chris-Carolin", "initials": "CC", "orcid": "0000-0001-6067-7900", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/740dfad9693e42f1a7232b1528533ae7.json"}}, {"family": "Avramova", "given": "Viktoriya", "initials": "V", "orcid": "0000-0002-6448-1312", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/5e6aabdcb5e54b23a378431b6df57e80.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2022-09-27", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "volume": "34", "issue": "10", "pages": "3860-3872", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "Altering plant water use efficiency (WUE) is a promising approach for achieving sustainable crop production in changing climate scenarios. Here, we show that WUE can be tuned by alleles of a single gene discovered in elite maize (Zea mays) breeding material. Genetic dissection of a genomic region affecting WUE led to the identification of the gene ZmAbh4 as causative for the effect. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ZmAbh4 inactivation increased WUE without growth reductions in well-watered conditions. ZmAbh4 encodes an enzyme that hydroxylates the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and initiates its catabolism. Stomatal conductance is regulated by ABA and emerged as a major link between variation in WUE and discrimination against the heavy carbon isotope (\u039413C) during photosynthesis in the C4 crop maize. Changes in \u039413C persisted in kernel material, which offers an easy-to-screen proxy for WUE. Our results establish a direct physiological and genetic link between WUE and \u039413C through a single gene with potential applications in maize breeding.", "doi": "10.1093/plcell/koac200", "pmid": "35792867", "labels": {"NGI Uppsala (Uppsala Genome Center)": "Service", "NGI Long read": "Service", "National Genomics Infrastructure": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "6632672"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC9520448"}], "notes": [], "created": "2022-11-21T10:01:20.499Z", "modified": "2022-11-21T10:01:21.094Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "70304e2e74c14f8c98b28d736df71cf4", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/70304e2e74c14f8c98b28d736df71cf4.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/70304e2e74c14f8c98b28d736df71cf4"}}, "title": "The miRNome function transitions from regulating developmental genes to transposable elements during pollen maturation.", "authors": [{"family": "Oliver", "given": "Cecilia", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-5231-7910", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/8fdb426c5e2e48e985eb8939a1c40d6e.json"}}, {"family": "Annacondia", "given": "Maria Luz", "initials": "ML", "orcid": "0000-0001-7998-8362", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/7b4d89a422254e47a38fe438fe99bdaf.json"}}, {"family": "Wang", "given": "Zhenxing", "initials": "Z", "orcid": "0000-0001-5102-7121", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/4b6c9f88c65d4fbc94da6d7598102335.json"}}, {"family": "Jullien", "given": "Pauline E", "initials": "PE", "orcid": "0000-0003-1212-3246", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/7a97f95d2f1046b3a7027dedf5a31082.json"}}, {"family": "Slotkin", "given": "R Keith", "initials": "RK", "orcid": "0000-0001-9582-3533", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/ac639e0390ef4140a566e5cbbf65084a.json"}}, {"family": "K\u00f6hler", "given": "Claudia", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-2619-4857", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/accd3f9307614c8ab67154dd5e50cdac.json"}}, {"family": "Martinez", "given": "German", "initials": "G", "orcid": "0000-0002-5215-0866", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/591f629ea8ed44c2bd9cd417dcebd8bc.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2022-02-03", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "volume": "34", "issue": "2", "pages": "784-801", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "Animal and plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for the spatio-temporal regulation of development. Together with this role, plant miRNAs have been proposed to target transposable elements (TEs) and stimulate the production of epigenetically active small interfering RNAs. This activity is evident in the plant male gamete containing structure, the male gametophyte or pollen grain. How the dual role of plant miRNAs, regulating both genes and TEs, is integrated during pollen development and which mRNAs are regulated by miRNAs in this cell type at a genome-wide scale are unknown. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of miRNA dynamics and activity during pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana using small RNA and degradome parallel analysis of RNA end high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, we uncover miRNAs loaded into the two main active Argonaute (AGO) proteins in the uninuclear and mature pollen grain, AGO1 and AGO5. Our results indicate that the developmental progression from microspore to mature pollen grain is characterized by a transition from miRNAs targeting developmental genes to miRNAs regulating TE activity.", "doi": "10.1093/plcell/koab280", "pmid": "34755870", "labels": {"NGI Short read": "Service", "NGI Uppsala (SNP&SEQ Technology Platform)": "Service", "National Genomics Infrastructure": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC8824631"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "6424912"}], "notes": [], "created": "2022-11-29T09:51:29.116Z", "modified": "2022-11-29T09:51:29.270Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "2b6302172b5c4073976116e40f945d60", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/2b6302172b5c4073976116e40f945d60.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/2b6302172b5c4073976116e40f945d60"}}, "title": "Polymerase IV Plays a Crucial Role in Pollen Development in Capsella.", "authors": [{"family": "Wang", "given": "Zhenxing", "initials": "Z", "orcid": "0000-0001-5102-7121", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/4b6c9f88c65d4fbc94da6d7598102335.json"}}, {"family": "Butel", "given": "Nicolas", "initials": "N", "orcid": "0000-0003-2484-4980", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/f05a8316c3504f84abcc8cc66e770879.json"}}, {"family": "Santos-Gonz\u00e1lez", "given": "Juan", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0002-8712-9776", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/d26cc8b837e64875aa2226cb9a8b8da3.json"}}, {"family": "Borges", "given": "Filipe", "initials": "F", "orcid": "0000-0002-7388-2118", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/08f47b282fc04126bb3359ec05ba9d02.json"}}, {"family": "Yi", "given": "Jun", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0001-5539-0016", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/c3fd9fa6dfce4a76996f52f7a8611b87.json"}}, {"family": "Martienssen", "given": "Robert A", "initials": "RA", "orcid": "0000-0003-1285-9608", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/d40eed1e991b4eb08d5756886f50da55.json"}}, {"family": "Martinez", "given": "German", "initials": "G", "orcid": "0000-0002-5215-0866", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/591f629ea8ed44c2bd9cd417dcebd8bc.json"}}, {"family": "K\u00f6hler", "given": "Claudia", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-2619-4857", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/accd3f9307614c8ab67154dd5e50cdac.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2020-04-00", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "issn-l": "1040-4651", "volume": "32", "issue": "4", "pages": "950-966"}, "abstract": "In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) is required for the formation of transposable element (TE)-derived small RNA transcripts. These transcripts are processed by DICER-LIKE3 into 24-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide RNA-directed DNA methylation. In the pollen grain, Pol IV is also required for the accumulation of 21/22-nucleotide epigenetically activated siRNAs, which likely silence TEs via post-transcriptional mechanisms. Despite this proposed role of Pol IV, its loss of function in Arabidopsis does not cause a discernible pollen defect. Here, we show that the knockout of NRPD1, encoding the largest subunit of Pol IV, in the Brassicaceae species Capsella (Capsella rubella), caused postmeiotic arrest of pollen development at the microspore stage. As in Arabidopsis, all TE-derived siRNAs were depleted in Capsella nrpd1 microspores. In the wild-type background, the same TEs produced 21/22-nucleotide and 24-nucleotide siRNAs; these processes required Pol IV activity. Arrest of Capsella nrpd1 microspores was accompanied by the deregulation of genes targeted by Pol IV-dependent siRNAs. TEs were much closer to genes in Capsella compared with Arabidopsis, perhaps explaining the essential role of Pol IV in pollen development in Capsella. Our discovery that Pol IV is functionally required in Capsella microspores emphasizes the relevance of investigating different plant models.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.19.00938", "pmid": "31988265", "labels": {"National Genomics Infrastructure": "Service", "NGI Uppsala (SNP&SEQ Technology Platform)": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.19.00938"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC7145478"}], "notes": [], "created": "2020-12-08T23:35:28.348Z", "modified": "2021-11-10T12:52:33.683Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "92c43c9fd60b4caea6f76728ab06de33", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/92c43c9fd60b4caea6f76728ab06de33.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/92c43c9fd60b4caea6f76728ab06de33"}}, "title": "OPENER Is a Nuclear Envelope and Mitochondria Localized Protein Required for Cell Cycle Progression in Arabidopsis.", "authors": [{"family": "Wang", "given": "Wei", "initials": "W", "orcid": "0000-0003-3400-4889", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/df33096e9d6345469215380ba9b8ff55.json"}}, {"family": "Zhang", "given": "Xueyang", "initials": "X", "orcid": "0000-0002-3942-8333", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/620dd725699843bbb10eb31b46b7b9c0.json"}}, {"family": "Niittyl\u00e4", "given": "Totte", "initials": "T", "orcid": "0000-0001-8029-1503", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/f2b8823dc6cf44eaa309fcf157b1f28a.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2019-07-00", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "issn-l": "1040-4651", "volume": "31", "issue": "7", "pages": "1446-1465"}, "abstract": "Currently one-third of the proteins encoded by the Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) genome are of unknown function. Some of these unknown proteins are likely to be involved in uncharacterized vital biological processes. Evolutionarily conserved single copy genes in flowering plants have been shown to be enriched in essential housekeeping functions. This together with publicly available gene expression data allows for a focused search for uncharacterized essential genes. Here we identify an essential single copy gene called OPENER (OPNR) in Arabidopsis. We show that OPNR is predominantly expressed in actively dividing cells and performs essential functions in seed development and root meristem maintenance. Cell cycle tracking using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining and fluorescent cell cycle markers together with the increased size of nucleolus and nucleus in opnr mutants indicate that OPNR is required for cell cycle progression through the S or G2 phases. Intriguingly, OPNR localizes to the nuclear envelope and mitochondria. Furthermore, the nuclear envelope localization of OPNR is dependent on its interaction with nuclear inner membrane Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN) domain proteins SUN1 and SUN2. Taken together our results open a line of investigation into an evolutionarily conserved essential cellular process occurring in both the nuclear envelopes and mitochondria of dividing cells.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.19.00033", "pmid": "31023726", "labels": {"Integrated Microscopy Technologies Ume\u00e5": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.19.00033"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC6635878"}], "notes": [], "created": "2020-01-08T09:06:36.159Z", "modified": "2022-04-01T15:15:34.409Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "8ca9d3a01c9b4aa4aad6efb812f5ba28", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/8ca9d3a01c9b4aa4aad6efb812f5ba28.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/8ca9d3a01c9b4aa4aad6efb812f5ba28"}}, "title": "The PLETHORA Gene Regulatory Network Guides Growth and Cell Differentiation in Arabidopsis Roots.", "authors": [{"family": "Santuari", "given": "Luca", "initials": "L", "orcid": "0000-0001-8784-2507", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/e9873001033642d48aef68099cea4b28.json"}}, {"family": "Sanchez-Perez", "given": "Gabino F", "initials": "GF"}, {"family": "Luijten", "given": "Marijn", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0003-4476-0987", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/dd8beb86add6485690c7d3fd6a66f5ab.json"}}, {"family": "Rutjens", "given": "Bas", "initials": "B"}, {"family": "Terpstra", "given": "Inez", "initials": "I", "orcid": "0000-0002-3085-2533", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/d7372f690ad8428a85deb4834b5cb8ed.json"}}, {"family": "Berke", "given": "Lidija", "initials": "L", "orcid": "0000-0003-3842-9462", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/6c33790b7a3a40a3b45086fe1bbcb316.json"}}, {"family": "Gorte", "given": "Maartje", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Prasad", "given": "Kalika", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Bao", "given": "Dongping", "initials": "D"}, {"family": "Timmermans-Hereijgers", "given": "Johanna L P M", "initials": "JL"}, {"family": "Maeo", "given": "Kenichiro", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Nakamura", "given": "Kenzo", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Shimotohno", "given": "Akie", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Pencik", "given": "Ales", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Novak", "given": "Ondrej", "initials": "O", "orcid": "0000-0003-3452-0154", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/8c19165acb9a4ff79dd96af7fccdc5f8.json"}}, {"family": "Ljung", "given": "Karin", "initials": "K", "orcid": "0000-0003-2901-189X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/f91b1e1f90c24559b915ebcd265804a4.json"}}, {"family": "van Heesch", "given": "Sebastiaan", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "de Bruijn", "given": "Ewart", "initials": "E"}, {"family": "Cuppen", "given": "Edwin", "initials": "E"}, {"family": "Willemsen", "given": "Viola", "initials": "V"}, {"family": "M\u00e4h\u00f6nen", "given": "Ari Pekka", "initials": "AP", "orcid": "0000-0001-6051-866X", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/8baabc2415814b679cd23908454a8c6a.json"}}, {"family": "Lukowitz", "given": "Wolfgang", "initials": "W", "orcid": "0000-0002-5864-7240", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/5858790eda7f4f7795bcaadcc9667ba8.json"}}, {"family": "Snel", "given": "Berend", "initials": "B", "orcid": "0000-0002-5804-8547", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/7064025c1e924c41b09fd25e6ab96d28.json"}}, {"family": "de Ridder", "given": "Dick", "initials": "D", "orcid": "0000-0002-4944-4310", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/939d2f487c5349fb957fba649ee74a17.json"}}, {"family": "Scheres", "given": "Ben", "initials": "B", "orcid": "0000-0001-5400-9578", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/708f108f17634ddd9ed3b72bd767fd43.json"}}, {"family": "Heidstra", "given": "Renze", "initials": "R", "orcid": "0000-0001-9032-5770", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/researcher/7e22a935f6ad48ca8262087dfc928cea.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2016-12-00", "journal": {"title": "Plant Cell", "issn": "1532-298X", "volume": "28", "issue": "12", "pages": "2937-2951", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "Organ formation in animals and plants relies on precise control of cell state transitions to turn stem cell daughters into fully differentiated cells. In plants, cells cannot rearrange due to shared cell walls. Thus, differentiation progression and the accompanying cell expansion must be tightly coordinated across tissues. PLETHORA (PLT) transcription factor gradients are unique in their ability to guide the progression of cell differentiation at different positions in the growing Arabidopsis thaliana root, which contrasts with well-described transcription factor gradients in animals specifying distinct cell fates within an essentially static context. To understand the output of the PLT gradient, we studied the gene set transcriptionally controlled by PLTs. Our work reveals how the PLT gradient can regulate cell state by region-specific induction of cell proliferation genes and repression of differentiation. Moreover, PLT targets include major patterning genes and autoregulatory feedback components, enforcing their role as master regulators of organ development.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.16.00656", "pmid": "27920338", "labels": {"Swedish Metabolomics Centre": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC5240741"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.16.00656"}], "notes": [], "created": "2023-04-12T14:14:49.191Z", "modified": "2025-10-17T13:03:19.206Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "8c5b7e3c7bc04c3ea46c8ef90fa14db1", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/8c5b7e3c7bc04c3ea46c8ef90fa14db1.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/8c5b7e3c7bc04c3ea46c8ef90fa14db1"}}, "title": "Rapid Evolution of Genomic Imprinting in Two Species of the Brassicaceae.", "authors": [{"family": "Hatorangan", "given": "Marcelinus R", "initials": "MR"}, {"family": "Laenen", "given": "Benjamin", "initials": "B"}, {"family": "Steige", "given": "Kim A", "initials": "KA"}, {"family": "Slotte", "given": "Tanja", "initials": "T"}, {"family": "K\u00f6hler", "given": "Claudia", "initials": "C"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2016-08-00", "journal": {"volume": "28", "issn": "1532-298X", "issue": "8", "pages": "1815-1827", "title": "Plant Cell", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon occurring in mammals and flowering plants that causes genes to adopt a parent-of-origin-specific mode of expression. While the imprinting status of genes is well conserved in mammals, clear estimates for the degree of conservation were lacking in plants. We therefore analyzed the genome-wide imprinting status of Capsella rubella, which shared a common recent ancestor with Arabidopsis thaliana \u223c10 to 14 million years ago. However, only \u223c14% of maternally expressed genes (MEGs) and \u223c29% of paternally expressed genes (PEGs) in C. rubella were commonly imprinted in both species, revealing that genomic imprinting is a rapidly evolving phenomenon in plants. Nevertheless, conserved PEGs exhibited signs of selection, suggesting that a subset of imprinted genes play an important functional role and are therefore maintained in plants. Like in Arabidopsis, PEGs in C. rubella are frequently associated with the presence of transposable elements that preferentially belong to helitron and MuDR families. Our data further reveal that MEGs and PEGs differ in their targeting by 24-nucleotide small RNAs and asymmetric DNA methylation, suggesting different mechanisms establishing DNA methylation at MEGs and PEGs.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.16.00304", "pmid": "27465027", "labels": {"National Genomics Infrastructure": "Service", "NGI Uppsala (SNP&SEQ Technology Platform)": "Service", "Bioinformatics Support for Computational Resources": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.16.00304"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC5006707"}], "notes": [], "created": "2017-05-03T13:00:10.098Z", "modified": "2024-01-16T13:48:49.705Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "079b15e61fc24c4183f3390780e065cb", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/079b15e61fc24c4183f3390780e065cb.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/079b15e61fc24c4183f3390780e065cb"}}, "title": "The Effects of High Steady State Auxin Levels on Root Cell Elongation in Brachypodium.", "authors": [{"family": "Pacheco-Villalobos", "given": "David", "initials": "D"}, {"family": "D\u00edaz-Moreno", "given": "Sara M", "initials": "SM"}, {"family": "van der Schuren", "given": "Alja", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Tamaki", "given": "Takayuki", "initials": "T"}, {"family": "Kang", "given": "Yeon Hee", "initials": "YH"}, {"family": "Gujas", "given": "Bojan", "initials": "B"}, {"family": "Novak", "given": "Ondrej", "initials": "O"}, {"family": "Jaspert", "given": "Nina", "initials": "N"}, {"family": "Li", "given": "Zhenni", "initials": "Z"}, {"family": "Wolf", "given": "Sebastian", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Oecking", "given": "Claudia", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Ljung", "given": "Karin", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Bulone", "given": "Vincent", "initials": "V"}, {"family": "Hardtke", "given": "Christian S", "initials": "CS"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2016-05-05", "journal": {"volume": null, "issn": "1532-298X", "issue": null, "title": "Plant Cell", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "The long-standing Acid Growth Theory of Plant Cell Elongation posits that auxin promotes cell elongation by stimulating cell wall acidification and thus expansin action. To date, the paucity of pertinent genetic materials has precluded thorough analysis of the importance of this concept in roots. The recent isolation of mutants of the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon with dramatically enhanced root cell elongation due to increased cellular auxin levels has allowed us to address this question. We found that the primary transcriptomic effect associated with elevated steady state auxin concentration in elongating root cells is up-regulation of cell wall remodeling factors, notably expansins, while plant hormone signaling pathways maintain remarkable homeostasis. These changes are specifically accompanied by reduced cell wall arabinogalactan complexity but not by increased proton excretion. On the contrary, we observed a tendency for decreased rather than increased proton extrusion from root elongation zones with higher cellular auxin levels. Moreover, similar to Brachypodium distachyon, root cell elongation is, in general, robustly buffered against external pH fluctuation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, forced acidification through artificial proton pump activation inhibits root cell elongation. Thus, the interplay between auxin, proton pump activation and expansin action may be more flexible in roots than in shoots.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.16.01057", "pmid": "27152020", "labels": {"Swedish Metabolomics Centre": "Service"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.16.01057"}], "notes": [], "created": "2017-05-08T07:57:01.174Z", "modified": "2025-10-17T13:03:19.531Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "d662b46c9b0845cfbb5fbc2f4c08f978", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/d662b46c9b0845cfbb5fbc2f4c08f978.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/d662b46c9b0845cfbb5fbc2f4c08f978"}}, "title": "The WD40 Domain Protein MSI1 Functions in a Histone Deacetylase Complex to Fine-Tune Abscisic Acid Signaling.", "authors": [{"family": "Mehdi", "given": "Saher", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Derkacheva", "given": "Maria", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Ramstr\u00f6m", "given": "Margareta", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Kralemann", "given": "Lejon", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Bergquist", "given": "Jonas", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Hennig", "given": "Lars", "initials": "L"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2016-01-00", "journal": {"volume": "28", "issn": "1532-298X", "issue": "1", "pages": "42-54", "title": "Plant Cell", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "MSI1 belongs to a family of histone binding WD40-repeat proteins. Arabidopsis thaliana contains five genes encoding MSI1-like proteins, but their functions in diverse chromatin-associated complexes are poorly understood. Here, we show that MSI1 is part of a histone deacetylase complex. We copurified HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 (HDA19) with MSI1 and transcriptional regulatory SIN3-like proteins and provide evidence that MSI1 and HDA19 associate into the same complex in vivo. These data suggest that MSI1, HDA19, and HISTONE DEACETYLATION COMPLEX1 protein form a core complex that can integrate various SIN3-like proteins. We found that reduction of MSI1 or HDA19 causes upregulation of abscisic acid (ABA) receptor genes and hypersensitivity of ABA-responsive genes. The MSI1-HDA19 complex fine-tunes ABA signaling by binding to the chromatin of ABA receptor genes and by maintaining low levels of acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9, thereby affecting the expression levels of ABA receptor genes. Reduced MSI1 or HDA19 levels led to increased tolerance to salt stress corresponding to the increased ABA sensitivity of gene expression. Together, our results reveal the presence of an MSI1-HDA19 complex that fine-tunes ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.15.00763", "pmid": "26704384", "labels": {"Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics, Uppsala": "Collaborative"}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.15.00763"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC4746680"}], "notes": [], "created": "2017-05-03T13:02:35.939Z", "modified": "2017-06-12T11:40:06.212Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "aa3b1a7fc5e14224a7730249cc9a2853", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/aa3b1a7fc5e14224a7730249cc9a2853.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/aa3b1a7fc5e14224a7730249cc9a2853"}}, "title": "Hypomethylated pollen bypasses the interploidy hybridization barrier in Arabidopsis.", "authors": [{"family": "Schatlowski", "given": "Nicole", "initials": "N"}, {"family": "Wolff", "given": "Philip", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Santos-Gonz\u00e1lez", "given": "Juan", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Schoft", "given": "Vera", "initials": "V"}, {"family": "Siretskiy", "given": "Alexey", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Scott", "given": "Rod", "initials": "R"}, {"family": "Tamaru", "given": "Hisashi", "initials": "H"}, {"family": "K\u00f6hler", "given": "Claudia", "initials": "C"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2014-09-00", "journal": {"volume": "26", "issn": "1532-298X", "issue": "9", "pages": "3556-3568", "title": "Plant Cell", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "Plants of different ploidy levels are separated by a strong postzygotic hybridization barrier that is established in the endosperm. Deregulated parent-of-origin specific genes cause the response to interploidy hybridizations, revealing an epigenetic basis of this phenomenon. In this study, we present evidence that paternal hypomethylation can bypass the interploidy hybridization barrier by alleviating the requirement for the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in the endosperm. PRC2 epigenetically regulates gene expression by applying methylation marks on histone H3. Bypass of the barrier is mediated by suppressed expression of imprinted genes. We show that the hypomethylated pollen genome causes de novo CHG methylation directed to FIS-PRC2 target genes, suggesting that different epigenetic modifications can functionally substitute for each other. Our work presents a method for the generation of viable triploids, providing an impressive example of the potential of epigenome manipulations for plant breeding.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.114.130120", "pmid": "25217506", "labels": {"National Genomics Infrastructure": null, "NGI Uppsala (SNP&SEQ Technology Platform)": null}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.114.130120"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC4213165"}], "notes": [], "created": "2017-05-04T14:58:51.864Z", "modified": "2020-01-21T13:56:08.925Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "0041c48006474331ba658a8065b019ad", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/0041c48006474331ba658a8065b019ad.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/0041c48006474331ba658a8065b019ad"}}, "title": "The RING-Finger E3 Ubiquitin Ligase COP1 SUPPRESSOR1 Negatively Regulates COP1 Abundance in Maintaining COP1 Homeostasis in Dark-Grown Arabidopsis Seedlings.", "authors": [{"family": "Xu", "given": "Dongqing", "initials": "D"}, {"family": "Lin", "given": "Fang", "initials": "F"}, {"family": "Jiang", "given": "Yan", "initials": "Y"}, {"family": "Huang", "given": "Xi", "initials": "X"}, {"family": "Li", "given": "Jigang", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Ling", "given": "Junjie", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Hettiarachchi", "given": "Chamari", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Tellgren-Roth", "given": "Christian", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Holm", "given": "Magnus", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Deng", "given": "Xing Wang", "initials": "XW"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2014-05-00", "journal": {"volume": "26", "issn": "1532-298X", "issue": "5", "pages": "1981-1991", "title": "Plant Cell", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in both plants and animals. In dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, COP1 targets photomorphogenesis-promoting factors for degradation to repress photomorphogenesis. Little is known, however, about how COP1 itself is regulated. Here, we identify COP1 SUPPRESSOR1 (CSU1), a RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a regulator of COP1. Genetic evidence demonstrates that csu1 mutations suppress cop1-6 phenotypes completely in the dark. Furthermore, CSU1 colocalizes with COP1 in nuclear speckles and negatively regulates COP1 protein accumulation in darkness. CSU1 can ubiquitinate COP1 in vitro and is essential for COP1 ubiquitination in vivo. Therefore, we conclude that CSU1 plays a major role in maintaining COP1 homeostasis by targeting COP1 for ubiquitination and degradation in dark-grown seedlings.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.114.124024", "pmid": "24838976", "labels": {"National Genomics Infrastructure": null, "NGI Uppsala (Uppsala Genome Center)": null}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.114.124024"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC4079363"}], "notes": [], "created": "2017-05-04T14:58:52.166Z", "modified": "2020-01-21T13:56:10.697Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "b56c38a501824beda4557d1adbf34863", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/b56c38a501824beda4557d1adbf34863.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/b56c38a501824beda4557d1adbf34863"}}, "title": "Evolution from the prokaryotic to the higher plant chloroplast signal recognition particle: the signal recognition particle RNA is conserved in plastids of a wide range of photosynthetic organisms.", "authors": [{"family": "Tr\u00e4ger", "given": "Chantal", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Rosenblad", "given": "Magnus Alm", "initials": "MA"}, {"family": "Ziehe", "given": "Dominik", "initials": "D"}, {"family": "Garcia-Petit", "given": "Christel", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Schrader", "given": "Lukas", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Kock", "given": "Klaus", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Richter", "given": "Christine Vera", "initials": "CV"}, {"family": "Klinkert", "given": "Birgit", "initials": "B"}, {"family": "Narberhaus", "given": "Franz", "initials": "F"}, {"family": "Herrmann", "given": "Christian", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Hofmann", "given": "Eckhard", "initials": "E"}, {"family": "Aronsson", "given": "Henrik", "initials": "H"}, {"family": "Sch\u00fcnemann", "given": "Danja", "initials": "D"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2012-12-00", "journal": {"volume": "24", "issn": "1532-298X", "issue": "12", "pages": "4819-4836", "title": "Plant Cell", "issn-l": "1040-4651"}, "abstract": "The protein targeting signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway in chloroplasts of higher plants has undergone dramatic evolutionary changes. It disposed of its RNA, which is an essential SRP component in bacteria, and uses a unique chloroplast-specific protein cpSRP43. Nevertheless, homologs of the conserved SRP54 and the SRP receptor, FtsY, are present in higher plant chloroplasts. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of SRP components in photosynthetic organisms to elucidate the evolution of the SRP system. We identified conserved plastid SRP RNAs within all nonspermatophyte land plant lineages and in all chlorophyte branches. Furthermore, we show the simultaneous presence of cpSRP43 in these organisms. The function of this novel SRP system was biochemically and structurally characterized in the moss Physcomitrella patens. We show that P. patens chloroplast SRP (cpSRP) RNA binds cpSRP54 but has lost the ability to significantly stimulate the GTPase cycle of SRP54 and FtsY. Furthermore, the crystal structure at 1.8-\u00c5 resolution and the nucleotide specificity of P. patens cpFtsY was determined and compared with bacterial FtsY and higher plant chloroplast FtsY. Our data lead to the view that the P. patens cpSRP system occupies an intermediate position in the evolution from bacterial-type SRP to higher plant-type cpSRP system.", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.112.102996", "pmid": "23275580", "labels": {"Bioinformatics Support, Infrastructure and Training": null, "Bioinformatics Support and Infrastructure": null, "Bioinformatics (NBIS)": null}, "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "tpc.112.102996"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC3556960"}], "notes": [], "created": "2017-05-04T14:56:19.415Z", "modified": "2020-01-21T13:53:20.795Z"}], "created": "2017-05-09T09:12:24.753Z", "modified": "2020-11-27T13:14:04.821Z"}